Infertility refers to the inability to conceive a child or carry a pregnancy to full term after 1 year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. It affects an estimated 15% of couples globally.
The causes behind infertility are complex and can involve both partners. In roughly one-third of cases, infertility arises due to female reproductive issues such as:
- Irregular ovulation or absence of ovulation (anovulation)
- Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes
- Uterine fibroids or endometriosis
In another one-third of cases, the root cause lies with the male partner. Issues include:
- Low sperm count (oligospermia)
- Poor sperm motility (asthenozoospermia)
- Abnormal sperm shape and size (teratozoospermia)
The remaining cases of infertility are triggered by a combination of factors in both partners or have unexplained causes.
Diagnosing Infertility
If a couple has not conceived after 1 year of trying, they should consult a fertility specialist (reproductive endocrinologist) for a full evaluation.
Common diagnostic tests include:
- Semen analysis to assess sperm health
- Ovulation testing via blood tests or ultrasound
- Hysterosalpingography to examine the fallopian tubes
- Laparoscopy to inspect the pelvic region for issues
Treating Infertility
Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may involve:
- Fertility drugs to stimulate ovulation and egg production
- Intrauterine insemination (IUI) to insert sperm directly into the uterus
- Assisted reproductive technology (ART) like in vitro fertilization (IVF) to achieve fertilization externally
Making healthy lifestyle changes like staying active, reducing stress, and quitting smoking/drinking can also boost fertility naturally.
Dealing with infertility can be an emotionally painful struggle. Seeking counseling and connecting with support groups helps many couples cope. Though the path to parenthood may be longer for some, there are many options to build a family.
Stay hopeful! With today's advanced treatments, around two-thirds of couples will eventually conceive either naturally or via medical intervention.